Maturação in vitro de oócitos de cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, Wagler 1831) seguida de fertilização in vitro e ativação partenogenética / In vitro maturation of agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) oocytes followed by in vitro fertilization and parthenogenetic activation

O objetivo foi avaliar protocolos de maturação in vitro (MIV) para oócitos de cutias, seguida de fertilização in vitro (FIV) e ativação partenogenética (AP). Os oócitos imaturos (CCOs) foram obtidos por fatiamento do ovário, após OSH, e submetidos a três grupos: MAT - 16 (16 horas de maturação), MAT - 20 (20 horas de maturação) e MAT - 24 (24 horas de maturação), em incubadora de cultivo a 38,8°C, com atmosfera de 5% de CO2 e 95% de umidade relativa. A maturação foi analisada pela presença do primeiro corpúsculo polar. Em seguida, os CCOs maduros foram submetidos à FIV, com período de coincubação dos CCOs e dos espermatozoides de 15h, a 38,8ºC e 5% de CO2, e AP com ionomicina. Os grupos de MIV foram analisados utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado e, nos experimentos de FIV e AP, foram analisadas a taxa de clivagem e a proporção de desenvolvimento embrionário. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se o programa SAS. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos de maturação, tendo os grupos MAT - 20 e MAT - 24 apresentado maior porcentagem de oócitos maturados in vitro. As taxas de clivagem e de desenvolvimento embrionário foram de 8,6% e 2,9%, respectivamente, na FIV, e de 63,6% e 15,1%, na AP. Entretanto, nos dois casos, o embrião não passou do estágio de mórula.(AU)

The objective was to evaluate IVM protocols for agouti oocytes, followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and parthenogenetic activation (PA). The immature oocytes (CCOs) were obtained by slicing the ovary after OSH and submitted to three groups: MAT - 16 (16 hours maturation), MAT - 20 (20 hours maturation) and MAT - (24 hours maturation), in a culture incubator at 38.8°C, with an atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% relative humidity. The maturation was analyzed by the presence of the first polar corpuscle. Then, mature CCOs were submitted to IVF, with co-incubation period of CCOs and spermatozoa from 15h to 38.8°C and 5% of CO2, and PA with inomycin. The IVM groups were analyzed using the chi-square test and in the FIV and PA experiment the rate of cleavage and the rate of embryonic development were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS program. There was a significant difference between the maturation groups, and the MAT - 20 and MAT - 24 groups showed a higher percentage of matured oocytes in vitro. The rates of cleavage and embryonic development were 8.6% and 2.9%, respectively in FIV and 63.6% and 15.1% in PA. However, in both cases the embryo did not pass beyond the morula stage.(AU)

Influence of eNOS gene polymorphism on cardiometabolic parameters in response to physical training in postmenopausal women

The health-promoting effects of exercise training (ET) are related to nitric oxide (NO) production and/or its bioavailability. The objective of this study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphism of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene at positions -786T>C, G894T (Glu298Asp) and at the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) Intron 4b/a would interfere with the cardiometabolic responses of postmenopausal women submitted to physical training. Forty-nine postmenopausal women were trained in sessions of 30-40 min, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Genotypes, oxidative stress status and cardiometabolic parameters were then evaluated in a double-blind design. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly reduced after ET, which was genotype-independent. However, women without eNOS gene polymorphism at position -786T>C (TT genotype) and Intron 4b/a (bb genotype) presented a better reduction of total cholesterol levels (-786T>C: before = 213 ± 12.1, after = 159.8 ± 14.4, Δ = -24.9 percent and Intron 4b/a: before = 211.8 ± 7.4, after = 180.12 ± 6.4 mg/dL, Δ = -15 percent), and LDL cholesterol (-786T>C: before = 146.1 ± 13.3, after = 82.8 ± 9.2, Δ = -43.3 percent and Intron 4b/a: before = 143.2 ± 8, after = 102.7 ± 5.8 mg/dL, Δ = -28.3 percent) in response to ET compared to those who carried the mutant allele. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased in trained women whereas no changes were observed in malondialdehyde levels. Women without eNOS gene polymorphism at position -786T>C and Intron 4b/a showed a greater reduction of plasma cholesterol levels in response to ET. Furthermore, no genotype influence was observed on arterial blood pressure or oxidative stress status in this population.

Resíduo desidratado de cervejaria para suínos em terminação / Dehydrated residue of brewery for finishing swine

Determinaram-se os coeficientes de digestibilidade e de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (MS), da energia bruta (EB), da proteína bruta (PB) e da fibra bruta (FB) e as energias digestível e metabolizável do resíduo desidratado de cervejaria (RDC) para suínos na fase de terminação, e avaliaram-se o desempenho e as características da carcaça desses animais, alimentados com dietas que continham porcentagens de inclusão do RDC - 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 por cento -, bem como estudaram-se os parâmetros fisiológicos. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 12 leitões, machos, com média de peso de 57,3±5,6kg. Seis deles receberam a ração referência, à base de milho e farelo de soja, e seis a ração teste. No ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados 40 leitões, com média de peso de 60,8±1,98kg. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, EB, PB e FB foram, respectivamente, de 53,9 por cento, 73,9 por cento, 53,3 por cento e 62,5 por cento, e os valores das energias digestível e metabolizável do RDC de 2.628 e 2.623kcal/kg, respectivamente. A inclusão de RDC até a proporção de 20 por cento não influenciou os parâmetros de desempenho e fisiológicos, nem as características de carcaça de suínos em terminação.

The digestibility and metabolizability coefficients of the dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of the dehydrated residue of brewery (DRB) for swine in termination were determined. Performance and carcass characteristics of animals fed with diets containing 5 levels of inclusion of DRB (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent) were evaluated as well as the physiologic parameters. In the digestibility assay 12 male pigs weighing 57.3±5.6kg were used. Six pigs were fed reference diets, based on corn and soybean meals, and six pigs were fed a test diet. In the performance study, 40 pigs weighing 60.8±1.98kg were used. Apparent digestibility coefficients for the DM, GE, CP and CF were 53.9 percent, 73.9 percent, 53.3 percent and 62.5 percent, respectively. The values of the digestible and metabolizable energy of the DRB were 2,628 kcal/kg and 2,623kcal/kg respectively. The inclusion of up to 20 percent of DRB in diets did not interfere in performance, carcass characteristics and physiologic parameters of swine in termination.